This animosity deepened the political and cultural rift between the two sides and helped propagate and reinforce the notion that the two sides were plainly different. Making matter worse was a pervasive cultural belief, inspired by a claim from the ancient Greek historian Herodotus that the Greeks defeated the Persians in 480-479 BCE because "free people fight better than slaves", that the people of the west were somehow more noble or free than those of the east. These differing conditions led to tension between the Roman Catholic Church, which served the former Western Roman Empire, and the Eastern Orthodox Church, which served the Eastern Roman empire. Roughly a century later (410-476 CE), the West Roman Empire collapsed, but the East Roman Empire would last another 1000 years (and later be renamed the Byzantine Empire), until conquered by the Ottomans in 1453. On the other side was the Eastern Roman Empire, or Orient (Latin for "rise" or "east"), which encompassed Greece, Egypt, and the regions that are now Turkey, Syria, Israel, and other Middle Eastern countries. ![]() ![]() On one side was what we now call the Western Roman Empire, also known as the Occident (Latin for "sunset" or "western"), which included Italy and the European and African countries west of it. The concept of the "Western World" originated in the actions of the Roman emperor Diocletian, who chose in 285-286 CE to divide his empire into two halves, each with its own separate capital, government, and church.
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